A coprime array is capable of achieving more degrees-of-freedom for direction-of-arrival\n(DOA) estimation than a uniform linear array when utilizing the same number of sensors. However,\nexisting algorithms exploiting coprime array usually adopt predefined spatial sampling grids for\noptimization problem design or include spectrum peak search process for DOA estimation, resulting\nin the contradiction between estimation performance and computational complexity. To address this\nproblem, we introduce the Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques\n(ESPRIT) to the coprime coarray domain, and propose a novel coarray ESPRIT-based DOA estimation\nalgorithm to efficiently retrieve the off-grid DOAs. Specifically, the coprime coarray statistics are\nderived according to the received signals from a coprime array to ensure the degrees-of-freedom\n(DOF) superiority, where a pair of shift invariant uniform linear subarrays is extracted. The rotational\ninvariance of the signal subspaces corresponding to the underlying subarrays is then investigated\nbased on the coprime coarray covariance matrix, and the incorporation of ESPRIT in the coarray\ndomain makes it feasible to formulate the closed-form solution for DOA estimation. Theoretical\nanalyses and simulation results verify the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed DOA\nestimation algorithm.
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